A textbook worked example of a steel flange bolt under static load (M10-8.8 through-bolt joint with a required residual clamp load), used to check the resilience, load factor, preload loss due to embedding, assembly preload and safety margin against exceeding the yield point of the VDI 2230-1 single-bolt calculator point by point.
A textbook worked example of a connecting-rod necked-down bolt (M10-10.9 through-bolt joint, static and fatigue check), used to check the resilience, load factor, preload loss due to embedding, assembly preload, fatigue stresses and safety margins of the VDI 2230-1 single-bolt calculator point by point.
The lower half of the VDI 2230 calculation chain β six strength checks (assembly stress, service stress, fatigue, bearing pressure, engagement depth, slip) plus the tightening torque R13. Each check's physical meaning, formula and safety factor explained one by one.
VDI 2230 is the globally recognized standard for the systematic calculation of high-strength bolted joints. This article explains the shortcomings of a simple strength check, the 14-step VDI 2230 calculation chain and the physical meaning of its main equation, to help engineers see why systematic bolt calculation is necessary.