A textbook worked example of a steel flange bolt under static load (M10-8.8 through-bolt joint with a required residual clamp load), used to check the resilience, load factor, preload loss due to embedding, assembly preload and safety margin against exceeding the yield point of the VDI 2230-1 single-bolt calculator point by point.
Explains eccentric clamping and eccentric loading in VDI 2230: the two eccentricity parameters, the corrected resiliences, the load factor, the substitutional moment of inertia, and the clamp load needed to prevent opening.
VDI 2230 uses an equivalent deformation cone (Ersatzverformungskegel) to model the compression zone of the clamped parts. This article explains the cone-angle formula, the cone-plus-sleeve combined model, multi-layer plate handling, and the key differences between DSV and ESV.
VDI 2230 breaks a real bolt into a chain of series cylindrical segments to compute its total elastic resilience δS. This article walks through the substitutional lengths and resilience formulas of the head, shank, free thread, engaged thread and nut region one by one, and explains the difference between DSV and ESV.
A detailed look at the core physical model of VDI 2230: the spring model (Federmodell), the elastic resiliences δS and δP, the joint diagram (Verspannungsschaubild), the physical meaning of the force ratio Φ, and the full derivation logic of the main equation Eq.16.